Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2006) - Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2003)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2006) z Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2003)

	Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2006)	Heard Island and McDonald Islands (2003)

Area	total: 5 sq km land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island	total: 412 sq km land: 412 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	slightly more than two times the size of Washington, DC
Background	These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve.	These uninhabited, barren, sub-Antarctic islands were transferred from the UK to Australia in 1947. Populated by large numbers of seal and bird species, the islands have been designated a nature preserve.
Climate	tropical	antarctic
Coastline	74.1 km	101.9 km
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands	conventional long form: Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands conventional short form: Heard Island and McDonald Islands
Dependency status	territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services	territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Antarctic Division of the Department of the Environment and Heritage
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territory of Australia)	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territory of Australia)	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to Ashmore Reef; Australia has closed the surrounding waters to Indonesian traditional fishing and created a national park in the region while continuing to prospect for hydrocarbons in the vicinity	none
Economy - overview	no economic activity	No indigenous economic activity, but the Australian Government allows limited fishing around the islands.
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 3 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mawson Peak, on Big Ben 2,745 m
Environment - current issues	NA	NA
Flag description	the flag of Australia is used	the flag of Australia is used
Geographic coordinates	12 14 S, 123 05 E	53 06 S, 72 31 E
Geography - note	Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983	-
Irrigated land	0 sq km	0 sq km (1998 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand) (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)
Legal system	the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply	the laws of Australia, where applicable, apply
Location	Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island	islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica
Map references	Southeast Asia	Antarctic Region
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force	defense is the responsibility of Australia; Australia conducts fisheries patrols
Natural hazards	surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards	Mawson Peak, an active volcano, is on Heard Island
Natural resources	fish	fish
People - note	the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem	-
Population	no indigenous inhabitants note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island (July 2006 est.)	uninhabited (July 2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	none; offshore anchorage only
Terrain	low with sand and coral	Heard Island - 80% ice-covered, bleak and mountainous, dominated by a large massif (Big Ben) and an active volcano (Mawson Peak); McDonald Islands - small and rocky
Waterways	-	none

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